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Exam Code : NCSBN-MACE
Exam Name : NCSBN Medication Aide/Assistant Certification Examination (MACE)?
Vendor Name :
"Nursing"

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The buildup of medications in the systems of the elderly may cause toxicity. This may be the result of all of the following EXCEPT:

1. faster metabolism

2. inadequate absorption

3. impaired distribution

4. impaired excretion

Answer: A

Explanation: In the elderly, various physiological changes can occur, including a decrease in liver and kidney function. These changes can lead to impaired absorption, distribution, and excretion of medications, increasing the risk of medication buildup and toxicity. However, metabolism generally slows down with age, rather than speeding up. Therefore, faster metabolism is not a typical cause of medication buildup in the elderly.

Question: 2

Which class of drugs directly affects the autonomic nervous system?

1. Analgesics

2. Cholinergic agents

3. Benzodiazepines

4. Adrenergic agents
   
   Answer: D

Explanation: Adrenergic agents directly affect the autonomic nervous system by stimulating or blocking adrenergic receptors. They can mimic or inhibit the

actions of the sympathetic nervous system.

Question: 3

Which of the following is a component of the central nervous system (CNS)?

1. Peripheral nerves

2. Spinal cord

3. Autonomic ganglia

4. Skeletal muscles

Answer: B

Explanation: The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. It is responsible for processing and integrating information received from the peripheral nervous system.

Question: 4

Which of the following is a common symptom of dysuria?

1. Increased urinary frequency

2. Blood in urine

3. Pain or discomfort during urination

4. Inability to control urination
   
   Answer: C

Explanation: Dysuria refers to pain or discomfort during urination. It is often associated with urinary tract infections, urinary stones, or inflammation of the urinary tract.

Which class of drugs enhances the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in various functions, such as muscle contraction and memory?

1. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents

2. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents

3. Anticholinergic agents

4. Cholinergic agents
   
   Answer: D

Explanation: Cholinergic agents, also known as cholinergic agonists, enhance the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in various functions, such as muscle contraction, cognition, and memory. These drugs can be used to treat conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and myasthenia gravis.

Question: 6

Which class of drugs is used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) by relaxing the bladder muscles?

1. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents

2. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents

3. Cholinergic agents

4. Anticholinergic agents
   
   Answer: D

Explanation: Anticholinergic agents, such as oxybutynin and tolterodine, are commonly used to treat overactive bladder (OAB). These drugs work by relaxing the bladder muscles, reducing bladder contractions, and relieving urinary urgency and frequency.

Question: 7

Which class of drugs is used to treat hypertension by blocking the effects of norepinephrine on alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors?

1. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents

2. Anticholinergic agents

3. Cholinergic agents

4. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents
   
   Answer: D

Explanation: Beta-adrenergic blocking agents, also known as beta-blockers, are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) by blocking the effects of norepinephrine on beta-adrenergic receptors. By doing so, they reduce the heart rate and force of contraction, resulting in a lowering of blood pressure.

Question: 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents?

1. Increased heart rate

2. Constriction of blood vessels

3. Stimulation of gastrointestinal motility

4. Decreased blood pressure
   
   Answer: D

Explanation: Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents block the alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasodilation and decreased peripheral vascular resistance. This results in decreased blood pressure.

Which of the following is a common side effect of anticholinergic agents?

1. Bradycardia

2. Hypotension

3. Bronchoconstriction

4. Constipation
   
   Answer: D

Explanation: Anticholinergic agents can cause a variety of side effects, including constipation. They inhibit the actions of acetylcholine in the body, which can lead to decreased gastrointestinal motility.

Question: 10

Which of the following drug classes is commonly used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

1. Cholinergic agents

2. Benzodiazepines

3. Analgesics

4. Non-Barbiturate, Non-Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic Agents

Answer: A

Explanation: Cholinergic agents, such as donepezil, are commonly used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. They increase acetylcholine levels in the brain, which can help improve memory and cognitive function.

Question: 11

Which class of drugs is used to counteract the effects of excessive acetylcholine activity and is commonly used to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

1. Anticholinergic agents

2. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents

3. Cholinergic agents

4. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
   
   Answer: A

Explanation: Anticholinergic agents block the effects of acetylcholine and are commonly used to counteract the excessive acetylcholine activity seen in Parkinson's disease. These drugs help reduce tremors, muscle stiffness, and other motor symptoms associated with the condition.

Question: 12

Urinary retention refers to the inability to:

1. control urination voluntarily

2. produce urine

3. sense the need to urinate

4. empty the bladder completely
   
   Answer: D

Explanation: Urinary retention is a condition in which an individual is unable to completely empty their bladder. It can be caused by various factors, such as bladder muscle dysfunction, nerve damage, or obstructions in the urinary tract. The inability to empty the bladder completely can lead to discomfort, urinary urgency, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections.

Which of the following is an example of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

1. Enlarged prostate

2. Urethral stricture

3. Pyelonephritis

4. Renal calculi

Answer: C

Explanation: Pyelonephritis refers to a UTI that involves the kidneys. It is characterized by inflammation and infection of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue. Enlarged prostate, urethral stricture, and renal calculi are not specific to UTIs and represent other urological conditions.

Question: 14

Which of the following medications is commonly used as a sedative-hypnotic?

1. Levothyroxine

2. Metformin

3. Lorazepam

4. Warfarin

Answer: C

Explanation: Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine medication commonly used as a sedative-hypnotic. It has sedative, anxiolytic, and muscle-relaxant properties and is often prescribed for anxiety and insomnia. Metformin, levothyroxine, and warfarin are not sedative-hypnotic drugs.

Question: 15

Which of the following is a potential complication of urinary retention?

1. Urinary incontinence

2. Urinary tract infection

3. Hematuria

4. Renal failure

Answer: B

Explanation: Urinary retention refers to the inability to empty the bladder completely. This can lead to urinary tract infections as the stagnant urine provides a breeding ground for bacteria. Urinary incontinence, hematuria, and renal failure are not direct complications of urinary retention.

Question: 16

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

1. Dysuria

2. Polyuria

3. Hematuria

4. Urgency

Answer: B

Explanation: Polyuria is not a common symptom of urinary tract infections

(UTIs). Dysuria (painful urination), hematuria (blood in the urine), and urgency (sudden and strong need to urinate) are common symptoms associated with UTIs. Polyuria refers to excessive urination, which is not typically seen as a primary symptom of a UTI.

Question: 17

Which class of drugs is commonly used as sedative-hypnotics to induce sleep and promote relaxation?

1. Adrenergic agents

2. Non-barbiturate, non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents

3. Analgesics

4. Benzodiazepines
   
   Answer: D

Explanation: Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs commonly used as sedative- hypnotics. They work by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which helps induce sleep, reduce anxiety, and promote relaxation.

Question: 18

Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat overactive bladder (OAB)?

1. Metoprolol

2. Furosemide

3. Oxybutynin

4. Lisinopril

Answer: C

Explanation: Oxybutynin is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat overactive bladder (OAB). It helps relax the bladder muscles, reducing urinary urgency and frequency.

Question: 19

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the central nervous system (CNS)?

1. It consists of the brain and spinal cord.

2. It regulates autonomic functions.

3. It controls voluntary movements.

4. It is responsible for processing sensory information.
   
   Answer: B

Explanation: The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for processing sensory information, controlling voluntary movements, and coordinating various bodily functions. However, the regulation of autonomic functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration, is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, which is a division of the peripheral nervous system.

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