ABPANC-CAPA : ABPANC Certified Ambulatory Perianesthesia Nurse Exam

Question: 1
Damage to which part of the neurological system can result in loss of coordination and balance?
A. Medulla oblongata
B. Hypothalamus
C. Cerebellum
D. Frontal lobe
Answer: C
Explanation: The cerebellum, located at the back of the brain, is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining balance, and regulating muscle tone. Damage to the cerebellum can result in loss of coordination and balance, leading to difficulties in tasks requiring precise movements, such as walking, writing, and reaching for objects.
Question: 2
Which of the following is a function of the musculoskeletal system?
A. Production of hormones
B. Protection of internal organs
C. Regulation of body temperature
D. Filtration of waste products
Answer: B
Explanation: The musculoskeletal system provides support, protection, and movement for the body. One of its primary functions is the protection of internal organs. The bones of the skeletal system act as a rigid framework that shields vital organs such as the brain, heart, and lungs from injury. Additionally, the muscles attached to the bones allow for movement and coordination.
Question: 3
Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system?
A. Protection against pathogens
B. Production of red blood cells
C. Regulation of blood glucose levels
D. Regulation of body temperature
Answer: A
Explanation: The integumentary system, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, provides protection against pathogens. The skin acts as a physical barrier, preventing the entry of microorganisms into the body. Additionally, the skin produces sweat, which contains antimicrobial substances that can help kill bacteria and other pathogens. The integumentary system also plays a role in regulating body temperature through the process of sweating and shivering.
Question: 4
A patient undergoing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy suddenly complains of severe shoulder pain. The perianesthesia nurse recognizes this as:
A. referred pain from the diaphragm.
B. irritation of the phrenic nerve.
C. pneumothorax.
D. subdiaphragmatic abscess.
Answer: B
Explanation: The severe shoulder pain experienced by the patient during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is commonly referred to as "shoulder tip pain" and is caused by irritation of the phrenic nerve. The phrenic nerve originates from the C3-C5 spinal nerves and innervates the diaphragm. During laparoscopic procedures, carbon dioxide gas is used to inflate the abdomen, which can irritate the phrenic nerve and cause referred pain to the shoulder.
Question: 5
Which of the following is the primary function of the respiratory system?
A. Regulation of body temperature
B. Filtering waste products from the blood
C. Transporting oxygen to body tissues
D. Regulating blood glucose levels
Answer: C
Explanation: The primary function of the respiratory system is to transport oxygen to body tissues. This is achieved through the process of respiration, where oxygen is inhaled and carbon dioxide is exhaled. The respiratory system also helps maintain the acid-base balance in the body by regulating the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood.
Question: 6
Which of the following organs is part of the renal/genitourinary system?
A. Spleen
B. Thyroid gland
C. Gallbladder
D. Bladder
Answer: D
Explanation: The bladder is part of the renal/genitourinary system. It is a hollow organ located in the pelvis that stores urine produced by the kidneys. The renal/genitourinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Its primary function is to filter waste products from the blood and regulate the balance of fluids and electrolytes in the body.
Question: 7
A patient with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) is scheduled for a peripheral vascular procedure. Which medication should the perianesthesia nurse anticipate administering to this patient preoperatively?
A. Beta blocker
B. Calcium channel blocker
C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
D. Loop diuretic
Answer: A
Explanation: Patients with a history of congestive heart failure (CHF) are at increased risk for perioperative cardiovascular complications. Preoperatively, beta blockers are often used in these patients as they help reduce heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen demand, thus improving cardiac function and reducing the risk of adverse events during surgery.
Question: 8
Which gland is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon in the endocrine system?
A. Pituitary gland
B. Adrenal gland
C. Thyroid gland
D. Pancreas
Answer: D
Explanation: The pancreas is responsible for producing insulin and glucagon in the endocrine system. Insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells, while glucagon raises blood sugar levels by promoting the release of stored glucose from the liver. These hormones play a crucial role in maintaining optimal blood glucose levels and metabolism.
Question: 9
Which organ is primarily responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal system?
A. Liver
B. Small intestine
C. Stomach
D. Pancreas
Answer: B
Explanation: The small intestine is primarily responsible for the digestion and
absorption of nutrients in the gastrointestinal system. It is divided into three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine receives partially digested food from the stomach and continues the process of digestion by breaking down proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Question: 10
A patient undergoing perianesthesia care suddenly experiences a seizure. The perianesthesia nurse's initial action should be to:
A. administer a benzodiazepine.
B. protect the patient from injury.
C. elevate the patient's legs.
D. administer oxygen via a non-rebreather mask.
Answer: B
Explanation: When a patient undergoing perianesthesia care experiences a seizure, the nurse's initial action should be to protect the patient from injury. This involves ensuring that the patient is in a safe position, removing any potential hazards from the immediate environment, and providing support to prevent self-harm. Once the patient is safe, further assessment and appropriate interventions, such as administering a benzodiazepine, can be implemented.
Question: 11
A patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is scheduled for joint replacement surgery. The perianesthesia nurse should prioritize assessing the patient for:
A. peripheral neuropathy.
B. osteoporosis.
C. joint instability.
D. respiratory compromise.
Answer: D
Explanation: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis are at an increased risk of developing respiratory complications due to the involvement of the thoracic joints and the potential for restrictive lung disease. Therefore, in a patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis who is scheduled for joint replacement surgery, the perianesthesia nurse should prioritize assessing for respiratory compromise, such as decreased lung function or difficulty breathing.
Question: 12
A patient who had an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a fractured femur is complaining of severe calf pain. The perianesthesia nurse suspects:
A. arterial occlusion.
B. compartment syndrome.
C. nerve injury.
D. deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Answer: D
Explanation: Severe calf pain in a patient who has undergone an open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of a fractured femur is concerning for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, commonly in the lower extremities. It is a potential complication of orthopedic surgery and can lead to serious complications such as pulmonary embolism. Prompt assessment and intervention are necessary to prevent further complications.
Question: 13
Which of the following is a primary function of the fluid and electrolyte levels in the body?
A. Transmitting nerve impulses
B. Producing red blood cells
C. Maintaining acid-base balance
D. Regulating body temperature
Answer: C
Explanation: The primary function of fluid and electrolyte levels in the body is to maintain acid-base balance. Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate, play a crucial role in regulating the pH of bodily fluids. They help maintain the balance between acids and bases, ensuring that the body's internal environment remains within a narrow pH range necessary for optimal cell function. Imbalances in fluid and electrolyte levels can disrupt normal bodily functions and lead to health problems.
Question: 14
Which of the following is a primary function of the hematologic and immune systems?
A. Regulating body temperature
Answer: B
Explanation: The primary function of the hematologic and immune systems is to fight off infections and diseases. The hematologic system includes the blood and its components, such as red and white blood cells and platelets, which play a crucial role in immune responses. The immune system consists of various organs, tissues, cells, and molecules that work together to defend the body against pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
Question: 15
Which of the following structures is responsible for regulating blood pressure in the cardiovascular system?
A. Pulmonary veins
B. Coronary arteries
C. Aorta
D. Superior vena cava
Answer: C
Explanation: The aorta, the largest artery in the body, is responsible for regulating blood pressure in the cardiovascular system. It receives blood directly from the left ventricle of the heart and distributes it to the rest of the body. The walls of the aorta are muscular and elastic, allowing it to expand and contract to accommodate changes in blood flow and help maintain optimal blood pressure.

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