CPCE : Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination 2024

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Counselor
CPCE
Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Examination
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Question: 189
Conforming to group pressure out of a need for acceptance and approval is called
_____________.
A. Norm Fruitation
B. Norm Conformation
C. Normative Social Influence
D. Normalization
Answer: C
The conformity to group pressure because of a need of acceptance and approval is
referred to as Normative Social Influence. This can include such things as asking
what everyone is wearing to a certain social function to giving in to destructive or
illegal behaviors to maintain acceptance and approval.
Question: 190
Every culture has definite „norms." One that seems to include all cultures has to
do with maintaining an appropriate distance between people. This distance is
referred to as _________.
A. Physical Space
B. Interpersonal Distance
C. Appropriate Distance
D. Personal Space
Answer: D
The comfortable distance to maintain between people is known as Personal
Space. This distance will vary from culture to culture. For instance, Americans
seem to like twice as much distance as, say, the Chinese culture. The preferred
interpersonal distance will differ according to the situation also.
Question: 191
Groups seem to have several influences on an individual; one such influence
comes from the need for direction and information and the belief that the group
has more knowledge than the individual. This is referred to as
___________________________.
A. Informational Social Influence
B. Individual Need Influence
C. Group Influence Need
D. None of the above
Answer: A
Have you ever bought a specific brand of anything (a cell phone, or ski
equipment) because your friend recommended it? You conform not to gain their
approval (Normative Social Influence), but because you assume they have more
information than you. That is Informational Social Influence.
Question: 192
192. Attractive actors and popular sports stars are paid lots of money to endorse
certain products because advertisers know that we want to be as attractice,
beautiful, or popular as they are. What is this major factor called?
A. Star Quality Groups
B. Reference Groups
C. Sky High Groups
D. Attractiveness Factor
Answer: B
Anyone we admire, like, or want to imitate is in our Reference Group. A funny
thing about humans is that we think if we just wear the same kind of outfit, or use
the same makeup, or buy the same type of sports shoes, we will be just as
gorgeous, athletic, or as talented as our favorite star or personage.
Question: 193
What are the two major forms of social influence?
A. Imitation, Acceptance
B. Personal, Approval
C. Conformity, Obedience
D. Information, Responsibility
Answer: C
Conformity and obedience are the two major forms of social influence. When
people understand all the factors involved in a situation they can use that
knowledge to decide when obedience and/or conformity is appropriate and
ethical. Conformity and obedience in the wrong group or portion of society can
also be a major influence in the downfall of society.
Question: 194
One of the best ways to decrease destructive forms of obedience is by the
assignment of _________________.
A. Approval
B. Imitation
C. Obedience
D. Responsibility
Answer: D
Research has found when participants are reminded that they will be held
responsible for an outcome (harm to others - destruction of property), the
destructive obedience is reduced sharply. Responsibility reminders in all actions
help participants make their „own" decisions instead of „group" decisions.
Question: 195
What is Conformity?
A. Going along with the group
B. Changing one"s behavior because of real or imagined group pressure
C. Doing what is popular at the time
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Any one of the descriptions above fit conformity. When you conform (or change)
your opinions, actions, or thinking to fit into or belong to a group of any size
(remember two can be a group), you are giving in to „conformity."
Question: 196
How do you decide why someone did something? It has been found that most
people first try to figure out if the person acted as a result of internal or external
causes. Harold Kelly gave three criteria for answering the internal-external
question; can you find two of them below?
A. Consistency, Fault
B. Mind-set, Distinctiveness
C. Unusual, Consensus
D. Consistency, Consensus
Answer: D
The three criteria are Consistency, Consensus, and Distinctiveness. When all three
are high, Harold Kelly says we tend to make External Attributions, But when
consensus and distinctiveness are low and consistency is high, we tend to make
Internal Attributions.
Question: 197
One error, or shortcut, to deciding internal/external attribution is so prevalent or
basic that it is known as _____________.
A. Situational Attribution Error
B. Blaming the Victim
C. Fundamental Attribution Error
D. Any of the above
Answer: C
Fundamental Attribution Error is a mistake in judging the causes of others"
behavior that comes from the tendency to overestimate internal, personal factors
and underestimate external, situational influences.
Question: 198
There is a Saliency Bias associated with Attribution. Which statement below most
closely describes the meaning?
A. Some personalities/behaviors are more noticeable than situational factors
B. Some people just look/act guilty, so you recognize that
C. It"s a kind of cause/effect behavior
D. There"s no such thing
Answer: A
Saliency Bias is the tendency to focus attention on vivid (salient) or more
noticeable factors when explaining the causes of behavior. The fact that the more
noticeable factors out show the situational factors help us to make quicker
judgments. This leads to another factor called “Blaming the Victim.”

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