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Question: 1216

A software development team is using a Risk-Based Testing (RBT) approach. Which of the following is the MOST important factor to consider when prioritizing risks?

1. Probability of the risk occurring

2. Impact of the risk on the system

3. Ease of testing for the risk

4. Cost of mitigating the risk Answer: B

Explanation: The most important factor to consider when prioritizing risks in a Risk-Based Testing (RBT) approach is the impact of the risk on the system. The impact of a risk, including its potential consequences and severity, is the primary driver for determining which risks should be addressed first. While factors like probability of occurrence, ease of testing, and cost of mitigation are also important, the impact of the risk is the most crucial consideration in the risk prioritization process, as it directly determines the importance and urgency of addressing the risk.

Question: 1217

One of the 'principles of testing' states that exhaustive testing is impossible. Which of the following is the BEST way to address this principle in practice?

1. Creating test cases that cover every possible specified output

2. Documenting all possible test input variations and prioritizing these based on importance

3. Starting testing as early as possible with reviews and other static testing approaches

4. Using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis to generate test cases

Answer: D

Explanation: The principle that exhaustive testing is impossible recognizes that it is not feasible to test every possible input and output combination for a software system. The best way to address this in practice is to use techniques such as equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis to generate test cases. These techniques help identify representative sets of test cases that cover the most important and high-risk scenarios, without attempting to test every possible variation. This is a more practical and effective approach than trying to create test cases that cover every possible specified output or document all possible test input variations.

Question: 1218

You are testing a mobile application that allows users to book appointments with healthcare providers. During your testing, you discover that the application does not properly handle the case where a user tries to book an appointment for a time slot that is already booked by another user. Which testing technique would be the most appropriate to identify and document this defect?

1. State transition testing

2. Combinatorial testing

3. Boundary value analysis

4. Use case testing Answer: A

Explanation: State transition testing focuses on verifying the expected behavior of a system as it transitions from one state to another. In the case of the appointment booking feature, the system's behavior when transitioning from the "available" state to the "booked" state for a specific time slot would be a crucial aspect to test.

Question: 1219

You are testing a web application that allows users to enter their height in centimeters. The valid range for height is 100 cm to 250 cm. Which of the following test cases would be MOST appropriate to use boundary value analysis (BVA) on?

A. 99 cm, 100 cm, 175 cm, 250 cm, 251 cm

B. 90 cm, 100 cm, 175 cm, 250 cm, 260 cm

C. 99.9 cm, 100 cm, 175 cm, 249.9 cm, 250 cm

D. 99 cm, 100 cm, 175 cm, 250 cm, 260 cm Answer: A

Explanation: In boundary value analysis, the focus is on testing the values just inside and just outside the valid boundaries. For a height input with a valid range of 100 cm to 250 cm, the most important test cases would be:

99 cm (just below the lower bound) 100 cm (the lower bound)

175 cm (a value within the valid range) 250 cm (the upper bound)

251 cm (just above the upper bound)

Therefore, option A contains the most appropriate test cases for boundary value analysis on this height input field.

Question: 1220

In component integration testing, which of the following strategies is considered the most effective for discovering defects?

1. Top-down integration

2. Bottom-up integration

3. Sandwich integration

4. Bi-directional integration Answer: C

Explanation: Sandwich integration, which combines top-down and bottom-up integration strategies, is considered the most effective for discovering defects during component integration testing. This approach allows for the testing of both the bottom-level components and the top-level components, providing a more comprehensive integration testing approach.

Question: 1221

Which of the following is a key difference between quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) in the context of software requirements management?

1. QA is responsible for defining the requirements, while QC is responsible for verifying them

2. QA is focused on the completeness of the requirements, while QC is focused on their testability

3. QA is concerned with the alignment of the requirements with the business objectives, while QC is concerned with their technical feasibility

4. QA is performed by the product owner, while QC is performed by the development team

Answer: B

Explanation: The key difference between QA and QC in the context of software requirements management is that QA is focused on the completeness and clarity of the requirements, while QC is focused on their testability. QA ensures that the requirements are well-defined and comprehensive, while QC verifies that the requirements can be effectively tested and validated.

Question: 1222

Which of the following is a key benefit of incorporating security testing activities throughout the SDLC?

1. Reduces the need for specialized security experts

2. Ensures that security vulnerabilities are identified and addressed early

3. Allows for more comprehensive testing coverage

4. Increases the overall cost of the project Answer: B

Explanation: Incorporating security testing activities throughout the SDLC, rather than treating it as a separate activity at the end, allows for the

identification and resolution of security vulnerabilities at an earlier stage, which is more cost-effective and impactful.

Question: 1223

One of the 'principles of testing' states that testing should be performed by independent testers. Which of the following is the MAIN reason behind this principle?

1. To reduce the workload of the development team

2. To provide a fresh perspective on the software under test

3. To ensure that the testing process is unbiased and objective

4. To allow the development team to focus on their primary responsibilities Answer: C

Explanation: The principle of independent testing is mainly based on the need to ensure the testing process is unbiased and objective. Having an independent tester, who is not directly involved in the development process, reduces the risk of personal biases, preconceptions, and conflicts of interest that could influence the testing activities. This helps to provide a more impartial and reliable assessment of the software under test.

Question: 1224

Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of the Waterfall model of software development?

1. Sequential and linear approach

2. Extensive documentation and rigid processes

3. Opportunities for early and continuous testing

4. Difficulty in accommodating changes Answer: C

Explanation: The key characteristics of the Waterfall model include a sequential and linear approach, extensive documentation and rigid processes, and difficulty in accommodating changes.

Question: 1225

Your team is implementing a new feature in the software, and you want to ensure that the branch coverage is high. Which of the following practices would be LEAST effective in achieving this goal?

1. Conducting regular code reviews to identify complex or high-risk branches.

2. Designing test cases that cover a wide range of input values and edge cases.

3. Relying solely on automated testing tools to measure and report branch coverage.

4. Collaborating with developers to understand the underlying logic and control flow of the feature.

Answer: C

Explanation: Relying solely on automated testing tools to measure and report branch coverage is the least effective practice. While such tools can provide valuable insights, they may not capture the full context and understanding of the code's complexity. Effective branch coverage improvement requires a combination of techniques, including code reviews, targeted test case design,

and collaboration with the development team.

Question: 1226

Which of the following is a key characteristic of the "test reporting" process in the ISTQB testing standard?

1. It is responsible for ensuring the effective planning, monitoring, and control of testing activities

2. It is responsible for designing and implementing the necessary test infrastructure and tools

3. It is responsible for communicating the status, progress, and quality of the testing activities

4. It is responsible for evaluating the testing process and identifying improvements for future projects

Answer: C

Explanation: The key characteristic of the "test reporting" process in the ISTQB testing standard is that it is responsible for communicating the status, progress, and quality of the testing activities. It is not primarily focused on test planning and control, test infrastructure and tools, or test closure, which are the responsibilities of other testing processes.

Question: 1227

Which of the following is a key challenge in implementing test automation for a legacy application?

1. Lack of a well-documented application architecture

2. Difficulty in integrating the automation tools with the existing infrastructure

3. Resistance from the development team to adopt new automation practices

4. All of the above Answer: D

Explanation: Implementing test automation for a legacy application presents several challenges, including a lack of documented architecture, difficulties in integrating automation tools, and resistance from the development team. All of these factors need to be addressed for successful test automation in a legacy system.

Question: 1228

Which of the following SDLC activities is MOST closely associated with the "Deployment" phase?

1. Regression testing

2. User acceptance testing

3. Performance testing

4. Security testing Answer: B

Explanation: User acceptance testing is the SDLC activity that is most closely associated with the "Deployment" phase, as it involves verifying that the delivered system meets the end-user's requirements and expectations before the final deployment.

Question: 1229

A developer suggests that the team should focus on achieving 100% statement coverage rather than 100% branch coverage. Which of the following is the STRONGEST counterargument to this proposal?

1. Statement coverage is a less rigorous metric than branch coverage.

2. Achieving 100% statement coverage does not guarantee 100% branch coverage.

3. Branch coverage provides more information about the program's control flow.

4. All of the above. Answer: D

Explanation: All of the listed points are valid counterarguments to the proposal of focusing on 100% statement coverage rather than 100% branch coverage. Statement coverage is a less rigorous metric than branch coverage, as it does not provide information about the program's control flow. Achieving 100% statement coverage does not guarantee 100% branch coverage, and branch coverage provides more valuable insights into the program's logic and decision points.

Question: 1230

Which TWO of the following are typical acceptance testing techniques used to validate the system's security and data protection measures?

1. Exploratory testing

2. Performance testing

3. Penetration testing

4. Regression testing

5. Usability testing Answer: C, D

Explanation: Typical acceptance testing techniques used to validate the system's security and data protection measures include penetration testing (option C) and regression testing (option D). Options A, B, and E are not specific to validating the system's security and data protection measures, but rather focus on other aspects of the system, such as functionality, performance, and usability.

Question: 1231

Which of the following is a key difference between quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) in the context of the software development life cycle (SDLC)?

1. QA is focused on the planning and design phases, while QC is focused on the implementation and testing phases

2. QA is concerned with the overall project management, while QC is concerned with the technical implementation

3. QA is responsible for defining the quality standards, while QC is responsible for ensuring compliance with those standards

4. QA is performed by managers, while QC is performed by individual contributors

Answer: C

Explanation: The key difference between QA and QC in the SDLC is that QA

is responsible for defining the quality standards and best practices, while QC is responsible for ensuring that the software development process and the final product comply with those standards. QA sets the goals and guidelines, while QC verifies that the goals are being met.

Question: 1232

When designing a test environment for a distributed, cloud-based application, which of the following is the LEAST important consideration?

1. Provisioning and managing virtual machine instances

2. Configuring and maintaining network connectivity

3. Integrating with cloud-based monitoring and logging services

4. Implementing robust backup and disaster recovery strategies

5. Defining a comprehensive set of test environment personas and user profiles

1. i

2. ii

3. iii

4. iv

5. v Answer: E

Explanation: Defining test environment personas and user profiles, while important, is less directly critical to the technical aspects of setting up and managing the distributed, cloud-based test environment compared to the other considerations listed.

A software system allows users to enter a discount percentage between 0% and 100%. What is the MINIMAL set of test inputs that achieves 100% of the desired coverage using 3-point boundary value analysis (BVA)?

A. -1%, 0%, 100%, 101%

B. -1%, 0%, 1%, 99%, 100%, 101%

C. 0%, 50%, 100%

D. 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%

Answer: B Explanation:

The minimal set of test inputs that achieves 100% coverage using 3-point boundary value analysis (BVA) is -1%, 0%, 1%, 99%, 100%, 101%. This is because we need to test the lower and upper boundaries of the valid range (0% to 100%) as well as the boundaries of the invalid ranges (below 0% and above 100%).

Question: 1234

You have defined three test cases, T1, T2, and T3, that exercise the same functionality of the software under test. Test case T1 achieves 45% statement coverage, test case T2 achieves 55% statement coverage, and test case T3 achieves 65% statement coverage.

Which of the following statements is necessarily true?

1. The combined statement coverage of T1, T2, and T3 is at least 165%

2. There exists at least one statement that is covered by all three test cases

3. The code under test contains at least 35% unreachable statements

Answer: B

Explanation: The correct answer is B. Since all three test cases exercise the same functionality, there must be at least one statement that is covered by all three test cases. The other statements are not necessarily true - the combined coverage could be less than 165% if there is overlap between the test cases, the code may not have 35% unreachable statements, and full branch coverage is not guaranteed by the given information.

Question: 1235

A student grading system allows teachers to enter scores between 0 and 100, inclusive. The system displays a grade based on the following criteria:

90-100: A

80-89: B

70-79: C

60-69: D

0-59: F

What is the MINIMAL set of test inputs that achieves 100% of the desired boundary value coverage?

A. 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89, 90, 100

B. 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89, 90, 91, 99, 100

C. 0, 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89, 90, 100

D. 0, 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89, 90, 99, 100

Answer: B

Explanation: To achieve 100% boundary value coverage, the minimal set of test inputs should include the values at the boundaries (0, 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80, 89,

90, 99, 100) and one value on each side of the boundaries (91).

Question: 1236

Which of the following is a key advantage of the top-down integration strategy in component integration testing?

1. It allows for early validation of the overall system architecture.

2. It enables the identification of defects in the lower-level components.

3. It provides a more gradual and controlled approach to integration.

4. It facilitates the identification of interface defects between components. Answer: A

Explanation: The key advantage of the top-down integration strategy is that it allows for early validation of the overall system architecture. By starting with the high-level components and gradually integrating the lower-level components, the top-down approach can help identify architectural issues and ensure the system's overall structure is sound.

Question: 1237

During the component testing phase for a new banking application, you identify a defect where the account balance displayed for a customer does not match the actual balance stored in the database.

use to investigate and resolve this defect?

1. Equivalence partitioning

2. Decision table testing

3. Boundary value analysis

4. Exploratory testing Answer: C

Explanation: Boundary value analysis is the most appropriate testing technique to investigate and resolve the defect in the account management module of the banking application.

The issue where the displayed account balance does not match the actual balance stored in the database suggests that the problem may be at the boundaries or limits of the input or output values. Boundary value analysis focuses on testing the behavior of the system at the edges of the input and output domains, which is crucial for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of financial transactions.

In the context of a banking application, the account balance is a critical piece of information that must be accurately displayed to the customer. By using boundary value analysis, you can thoroughly test the application's handling of account balances at the minimum, maximum, and other boundary values to identify any issues that may be causing the discrepancy between the displayed and stored balances.

Question: 1238

account profiles. During your testing, you discover that the application does not properly handle the case where a user tries to update their email address to an invalid format. Which testing technique would be the most appropriate to identify and document this defect?

1. Boundary value analysis

2. Decision table testing

3. State transition testing

4. Use case testing Answer: A

Explanation: Boundary value analysis is the most appropriate technique for this scenario, as it focuses on testing the boundaries of input values. In this case, the boundary values would be the valid and invalid email address formats, and the test cases would verify the application's behavior at these boundaries.

Question: 1239

A development team is integrating several components into a system. Which of the following testing activities should be prioritized during this stage?

1. Unit testing

2. Acceptance testing

3. Component integration testing

4. System testing Answer: C

Explanation: Component integration testing is the most critical testing activity during the component integration stage, as it focuses on evaluating how the

individual components work together and interact when integrated into the larger system. This helps identify any issues with the interfaces and interactions between the components.

Question: 1240

What is the primary purpose of conducting a walkthrough during a review meeting?

1. To train the participants on the reviewed work product

2. To validate the work product against the specified requirements

3. To provide feedback and suggestions for improving the work product

4. To assign tasks and responsibilities for the next stage of the project

Answer: C

Explanation: The primary purpose of conducting a walkthrough during a review meeting is to provide feedback and suggestions for improving the work product. The walkthrough allows the participants to review the work product, ask questions, and offer their insights and recommendations for enhancing the quality and effectiveness of the work product.

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