CRNA : Certified Registered Nurse Anaesthetist Exam

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CRNA
Certified Registered Nurse Anaesthetist
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Question: 289
Which of the following is an important consideration when positioning a patient for surgery under anesthesia?
A. Minimizing exposure to radiation
B. Ensuring proper alignment of the spine
C. Preventing pressure ulcers
D. Maintaining a neutral head position
Answer: C
Explanation: Preventing pressure ulcers is an important consideration when positioning a patient for surgery under anesthesia. Prolonged pressure on certain areas of the body, especially bony prominences, can lead to skin breakdown and the development of pressure ulcers. Positioning devices, padding, and regular repositioning are used to minimize the risk of pressure ulcers during surgical procedures.
Question: 290
Which of the following is a potential complication of malignant hyperthermia?
A. Hypotension
B. Bradycardia
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Rhabdomyolysis
Answer: D
Explanation: Rhabdomyolysis is a potential complication of malignant hyperthermia. Malignant hyperthermia is a rare but life-threatening condition triggered by certain medications used during general anesthesia. It is characterized by a rapid rise in body temperature, muscle rigidity, and metabolic changes. Rhabdomyolysis refers to the breakdown of muscle tissue, which can lead to the release of toxic substances into the bloodstream.
Question: 291
Which of the following is an advantage of using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during anesthesia?
A. It provides a secure airway for long-term ventilation.
B. It allows for direct visualization of the vocal cords.
C. It reduces the risk of aspiration of gastric contents.
D. It facilitates lung isolation during one-lung ventilation.
Answer: C
Explanation: One advantage of using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) during anesthesia is that it reduces the risk of aspiration of gastric contents. The LMA is a supraglottic airway device that sits above the vocal cords and forms a seal around the laryngeal inlet. This helps to prevent regurgitation and aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs during anesthesia.
Question: 292
Which of the following medications is commonly used as an adjunct to general anesthesia for its analgesic properties?
A. Midazolam
B. Fentanyl
C. Rocuronium
D. Ondansetron
Answer: B
Explanation: Fentanyl is a commonly used medication as an adjunct to general anesthesia for its analgesic properties. It belongs to the opioid class of medications and provides potent pain relief. Fentanyl is often administered intravenously during surgery to supplement the effects of general anesthesia and manage intraoperative pain.
Question: 293
Which of the following is a potential complication of inhalation anesthesia?
A. Hypoventilation
B. Hypernatremia
C. Hepatotoxicity
D. Thrombocytopenia
Answer: A
Explanation: Hypoventilation is a potential complication of inhalation anesthesia. Inhalation anesthetics depress the central respiratory drive, which can lead to inadequate ventilation and a decrease in oxygen levels in the blood.
Close monitoring of the patient's respiratory status is essential during inhalation anesthesia to prevent hypoventilation and hypoxemia.
Question: 294
Which of the following is an example of a local anesthetic medication?
A. Propofol
B. Ketamine
C. Sevoflurane
D. Lidocaine
Answer: D
Explanation: Lidocaine is an example of a local anesthetic medication. Local anesthetics are used to provide temporary loss of sensation in a specific area of the body. Lidocaine is commonly used for procedures such as minor surgeries, dental work, and nerve blocks to provide local anesthesia and pain relief.
Question: 295
Which of the following is a potential complication of epidural anesthesia?
A. Hypotension
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hypoglycemia
Answer: A
Explanation: Hypotension is a potential complication of epidural anesthesia.
Epidural anesthesia can cause a blockade of sympathetic nerve fibers, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. Close monitoring of blood pressure and appropriate fluid management are important during epidural anesthesia to prevent and manage hypotension.
Question: 296
Which of the following is a critical step in the prevention of surgical site infections during anesthesia?
A. Proper hand hygiene
B. Administration of prophylactic antibiotics
C. Maintaining normothermia
D. Sterile technique during invasive procedures
Answer: B
Explanation: Administration of prophylactic antibiotics is a critical step in the prevention of surgical site infections during anesthesia. Prophylactic antibiotics are given prior to surgical incision to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination and subsequent infection. The appropriate selection and timing of antibiotic administration are important factors in preventing surgical site infections.
Question: 297
Which of the following is a potential complication of peripheral nerve blocks?
A. Hypertension
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hematoma formation
D. Ventricular tachycardia
Answer: C
Explanation: Hematoma formation is a potential complication of peripheral nerve blocks. Peripheral nerve blocks involve the injection of local anesthetic near a peripheral nerve to provide regional anesthesia. Hematomas can occur if blood vessels are inadvertently punctured during the procedure, leading to bleeding and the accumulation of blood in the surrounding tissues.
Question: 298
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of a CRNA during the intraoperative phase of anesthesia?
A. Conducting preoperative assessments and evaluations.
B. Assisting withsurgical positioning and draping.
C. Monitoring the patient's vital signs and anesthesia depth.
D. Managing post-operative pain and providing analgesia.
Answer: C
Explanation: During the intraoperative phase of anesthesia, a primary responsibility of a CRNA is to monitor the patient's vital signs (such as blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation) and anesthesia depth. They continuously assess the patient's physiological status and make adjustments to anesthesia medications and supportive care as needed to maintain the patient's safety and comfort throughout the surgical procedure.
Question: 299
Which of the following is a potential complication of neuraxial anesthesia?
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Spinal hematoma
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: C
Explanation: Spinal hematoma is a potential complication of neuraxial anesthesia. Neuraxial anesthesia includes spinal and epidural anesthesia, which involve the injection of local anesthetic near the spinal cord. In rare cases, bleeding can occur in the spinal canal, leading to the formation of a hematoma. Spinal hematomas can compress the spinal cord and cause neurological deficits.
Question: 300
Which of the following is an example of an inhalation anesthetic?
A. Lidocaine
B. Bupivacaine
C. Desflurane
D. Morphine
Answer: C
Explanation: Desflurane is an example of an inhalation anesthetic. Inhalation anesthetics are administered by breathing in a gas or vapor form. Desflurane is commonly used in general anesthesia and provides rapid induction and emergence from anesthesia due to its low solubility in blood.
Question: 301
Which of the following is a potential complication of endotracheal intubation?
A. Bradycardia
B. Hypertension
C. Laryngospasm
D. Hyperglycemia
Answer: C
Explanation: Laryngospasm is a potential complication of endotracheal intubation. Laryngospasm refers to the sudden spasmodic closure of the vocal cords, which can obstruct the airway and cause difficulty in breathing. It can occur as a reflex response to irritation or manipulation of the airway during intubation.
Question: 302
Which of the following is an important consideration when selecting an appropriate anesthetic technique for a patient?
A. Patient's preference and comfort
B. Availability of anesthesia equipment
C. Cost-effectiveness of the technique
D. Anesthesiologist's expertise and experience
Answer: A
Explanation: When selecting an appropriate anesthetic technique for a patient, an important consideration is the patient's preference and comfort. Anesthesia providers should consider the patient's medical condition, surgical procedure, and individual preferences when discussing the available options for anesthesia. Open communication and shared decision-making between the patient and the anesthesia team contribute to a patient-centered approach in anesthesia care.
Question: 303
Which of the following medications is commonly used to induce muscle relaxation during anesthesia?
A. Morphine
B. Midazolam
C. Succinylcholine
D. Dexamethasone
Answer: C
Explanation: Succinylcholine is a medication commonly used to induce muscle relaxation during anesthesia. It is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent that works by temporarily blocking the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscles. Succinylcholine is often used to facilitate endotracheal intubation and provide optimal conditions for surgery.
Question: 304
Which of the following is a potential complication of general anesthesia in pediatric patients?
A. Hyperthermia
B. Delayed emergence
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Bradycardia
Answer: D
Explanation: Bradycardia is a potential complication of general anesthesia in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients may experience bradycardia during anesthesia due to factors such as increased vagal tone, hypoxemia, or the effects of anesthesia medications. Close monitoring and appropriate interventions are necessary to manage bradycardia and maintain hemodynamic stability in pediatric patients.
Question: 305
Which of the following is a common side effect of opioids used for pain management during anesthesia?
A. Hypertension
B. Sedation
C. Hypernatremia
D. Bronchospasm
Answer: B
Explanation: Sedation is a common side effect of opioids used for pain management during anesthesia. Opioids act on the central nervous system and can cause drowsiness and sedation. It is important for anesthesia providers to monitor the patient's level of sedation and respiratory status when administering opioids to ensure patient safety.
Question: 306
Which of the following is an example of a volatile inhalation anesthetic?
A. Fentanyl
B. Morphine
C. Dexmedetomidine
D. Isoflurane
Answer: D
Explanation: Isoflurane is an example of a volatile inhalation anesthetic.

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